本文是一篇英语论文，由于译者对菲律宾英语文学缺乏理解，对中英语言缺乏深入的理解，这种翻译实践并不容易完成。尤其是在翻译许多文学术语时，译者在草签中缺乏研究术语的主动性。以“自指性”为例，这个术语在原文中出现了很多次，但最初译者并没有意识到，由于理解有限，这个术语需要很少的仔细检查和研究，也没有使用术语库对其进行研究。
Chapter 1 Task Description
1.1 The Introduction of the Author
Neil C.Garcia is currently a famous Professor of English,creative writing andcomparative literature at the College of Arts and Letters,University of the PhilippinesDiliman.He is also the author of numerous poetry collections and works in literaryand cultural criticism;As an editor of the famous Ladlad series of Filipino gay writing,he also edited for the Likhaan.He analysed Filipino poetics from the perspective ofpost-colonialism consisting of the author’s own critical and personal reflections onpoetry-both as he“reads”and“writes”it.
英语论文参考
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1.2 The Source Text
This article mainly discusses the author's realism in Filipino English literatureand the use of English as a key term for translation.In the first half of the article,theauthor combines the opinions of other experts to make a basic definition of realismand realism literature:On the one hand,realism refuses to beautify or"beautify"thereality,and it is a literary school to better"reproduce"the reality;Realism is asymbolic practice that transcends formalism.It deviates from the traditional romanticfantasy and is a secular product of the times.The author points out that in Filipinoliterary creation,Filipino poets'writing in English has become a kind of ironiclanguage,which integrates cross-cultural background and realistic tasks.
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Chapter 2 The Process of Translation
2.1 Pre-Translation
2.1.1 Analysis of the source text
After studying the target article for a period of time,the translator found that thearticle is an academic paper,and its language and writing style is extremely literary,including a large number of proper nouns,some poems,and a large section ofrigorous criticism.
At the same time,since the author's choice of vocabulary is very precise andrigorous,the corresponding translation of vocabulary,sentence pattern andbackground culture should be based on the author's behavior habits,languagedifferences and cultural factors in order to accurately convey the information of theoriginal text.
2.1.2 Preparation of the translation tools
In order to make the translation process go smoothly,some effective resourcesand translation tools are necessary.
During the whole process,the translator used the electronic resources of thelibrary to collect relevant documents and bibliography,and made notes to facilitatethe writing of the translation report.In addition,the usage of Youdao Dictionary,websites of Wikipedia,Google Scholar,and CAT tool Trados also greatly improvesthe quality of translation.
In addition,in order to study the target text better,the translator referred to someparallel texts.The translator found some research papers of the same type on CNKI,Baidu Library and Google Scholar and compared them.In this process,the translatorcan not only learn from the excellent achievements of the predecessors,but alsoeffectively improve the translator's bilingual expression ability in Chinese andEnglish.
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§2.2 During-Translation
Translation,is a process of recreating in one's own language.Therefore,thetranslator conducted repeated readings before starting to translate text,hoping tounderstand the meaning of the source text through multiple readings.It is a greatchallenge for the translator to read and understand the terms,poems and long andrigorous discourse contained in the source text.During this period,the translator usedmany parallel texts and multiple translation tools to search for complex and difficultvocabulary.Besides,the translator also attached great importance to the comprehensionprocess in order to solve the difficulties.
Throughout the translation process,the translator’s understanding of the sourcemattered most.The translator marked some complex sentences and made extensiveuse of dictionary tools to assist in understanding.At the same time,in order to ensurethe quality and progress of translation,CAT tools are widely used.
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Chapter 3 Translation Theory......................................5
3.1 Introduction to Functional Equivalence Theory...........................5
3.2 Functional Equivalence Theory in the Translation...................6
Chapter 4 Case Study................................7
4.1 Functional Equivalence at Lexical Level.................7
4.2 Fucntional Equivalence at Syntactic Level.............................17
Chapter 5 Conclusion...............................22
Chapter 4 Case Study
4.1 Functional Equivalence at Lexical Level
4.1.1 Annotation
英语论文怎么写
During the translation,since there are many differences between the English andChinese cultures,it is hard to find the corresponding Chinese.
In order to solve thisvacancy in the meaning of the word,the translator used the method of annotation tomake up and further explain the object to be translated.Annotation is widely used tosupplement background materials and the origin of words.
Case 1:Source Text:Avant-gardeTarget Text:先锋派（一种形容文艺界先进流派的名词，意指对保守的文化发起突破性的尝试和冲击的文学艺术家群体。）
Analysis:First of all,the word"avant"owns the meaning of“前卫的、先锋的、激进的”by querying Dict.cn;as for“garde”,it is a French word which is aconjugation of“garder”with its originally meaning“保护，保卫”.
Secondly,the word originates in military history.In the Middle Ages,there is acontingent that is widely used in the establishment of the army to accomplish thepurpose of detecting the enemy’s military situation and strength,which is what peopledefined as the vanguard.As time passed,the term is first used in literary activities inthe 16th century.But soon,the term derives the ironic opposite meaning,whichstimulates the conservative literary subjects at that time.Against the backdrop of the19th century,the Industrial Revolution gives birth to bourgeoisie.This class carriesstrong religious beliefs in money worship and false moralization,which isundoubtedly in strong conflict with literary artists with emerging knowledge.At thistime,the meaning of“Avant-garde”becomes more rebellious.
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Chapter 5 Conclusion
This translation practice can provide some information for readers who want toknow more about Philippine English literature and related literary criticism.In thewhole translation process,the translator needs not only to have a particularunderstanding of a large number of western literary terms involved in the source text,but also to master appropriate translation skills and combine them with translationtheories to solve practical translation problems.
First of all,it is very vital to grasp the source text.In terms of content,the sourcetext involves many western literary theory terms;formally,there are many longsentences and complicated sentences in the source text,which require the translator topay attention to carefully interpreting them.
Secondly,in order to ensure the quality of translation,the translator used relevantterminology database when dealing with many western literary theory terms,anduniformly summarized the related terms involved in the source text.Also,thetranslator also used websites,dictionaries,etc.to collect information.In thistranslation process,the translator followed Nida’s functional equivalence translationtheory to guide the practical process.From the initial rough translation to thesubsequent scrutiny of each word and sentence,each problem solved is to have adeeper understanding of Nida’s functional equivalence translation theory.Accordingto Edwin Gentzler,the premise of Nida’s theory is that the original text informationcan not only be determined,but also can be translated,so that the reader’s acceptanceof the target language is the same as that of the original text(Edwin Gentzler,2004).
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