1. Introduction介绍
《呼啸山庄》是英国著名作家艾米丽·勃朗特的作品。这部不朽的杰作是十九世纪英国文学的代表作之一。小说通过一场爱情悲剧，表现了社会生活的一幅不正常的画面，勾勒出恐怖事件中扭曲的人性。
Wuthering Heights is written by a famous British writer Emily Bronte. This enduring masterpiece is one of the representative works of British literature in nineteenth Century. Through a love tragedy, the novel indicates an abnormal picture of the social life and outlines the distorted human nature within the terrible events.
小说的故事情节主要分为四个阶段展开。第一阶段描述了希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳密切相关的童年生活。强调在这种特殊环境中形成的一个弃儿和一个高贵的女士的特殊感情，以及他们如何反抗辛德利的暴政反抗行为。第二阶段着重描写凯瑟琳背叛希刺克厉夫，成为画眉田庄的女主人，由于她不断膨胀的虚荣心和无知。第三阶段是一个奇怪的决定，描述希刺克厉夫如何加剧他对复仇计划的策略和行动的仇恨和绝望。最后阶段主要是希斯克利夫的死，当他知道哈里顿和凯西坠入爱河时，他的思想发生了全新的转变。这种变化产生了微弱的希望之光，揭示了一束令人愉快的、带有恐怖元素的爱情悲剧。The story line of the novel is mainly spreading through four stages. The first stage describes the closely associated childhood life of Heathcliff and Catherine. Emphasis on the special affection of a foundling and a noble lady formed in this special environment, and how they revolt Hindley's tyrannical revolt behaviours. The second phase focuses on the description of Catherine betrayed Heathcliff, become Thrushcross Grange hostess, due to her expanding vanity and ignorance. The third phase takes the curious decision to depict how Heathcliff intensify his hatred and despair to the strategy and action of the revenge scheme. In the final stage mainly presents Heathcliff's death, which reveal a brand new transform of his thought when he knows Hareton and Cathy fall in love. This change produces a slender light of hope and reveals a bundle of pleasant against the love tragedy with horrific elements.
《呼啸山庄》出版后，一些评论家认为这部小说毫无意义。它充满了精神障碍和异教徒的病态心理。虽然这部小说表现出朦胧、压抑、压抑和恐惧的情感和气氛，但我们仍然能洞察到爱的闪光。正是由于反复无常的情感的二元性、反差环境的二元性、各种交织的人性的二元性，建构了激化矛盾向最终和谐共存的过渡，反映了无与伦比的艺术家IC强度。After the publication of Wuthering Heights, some of the critics comment this novel is a meaningless work. It is filled of mental disorders and the morbid psychology of paganism. Although the novel indicates obscure, depressive, depressed and frightful feelings and atmosphere, we can still have an insight into the glittering light of love. It is precisely because of the duality of capricious affections, the duality of contrasted environments, the duality of all kinds of intertwined human personalities, which constructs the transition of intensified contradictions to the final harmonious coexistence, reflecting the incomparable artistic strength.
2. The profoundly application of the duality method in the novel二元法在小说中的深刻运用
《呼啸山庄》以其独特的思想观念和丰富的意境，成为英国文学史上最为错综复杂的小说之一。二元方法的运用是其显著特点。例如，呼啸山庄和宁静的画眉山庄就表现出强烈的对比，营造了环境与场景的双重性。英雄与女主人公之间的爱与恨的暴力，建立了情感与情感的二元性。暴力和谦逊的性格和品质构成了人格的双重性。通过分析这众多的二元性，我们可以得出爱是不可战胜的，它可以战胜仇恨，最终达到相互和谐。
Due to its unique ideological and abundant artistic conception, Wuthering Heights become one of the most intricate novels in the history of English literature. The utilize of duality methods is its striking characteristic. For instance, the windy Wuthering Heights and the peaceful Thrushcross Grange shows a strong contrast constructs the duality of environment and scene. The violent of love and hatred between the hero and heroine builds the duality of affection and emotion. The violent and modest character and quality form a picture of the duality of personality. By analyzing these numerous dualities, we can conclude that love is invincible, which can conquer hatred, and eventually achieve mutual harmony.
2.1 The duality of the environment insinuated by contrastive scenarios由对比情景暗示的环境二元性
The realistic novels are taking the densely populated city as the background in The Vitoria times. Nevertheless "Wuthering Heights" has opened up a fresh outlook for taking the closed highlands of northern England as a particular environment. This is a small world of self-sufficiency and the small world is composed of two distinct micro world Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. The author uses her rich imagination and poetic language to describe two micro world. Wuthering Heights is blustery all year round, just as the word "Wuthering", which describes the resort under the stormy weather in the hostile environment. The villa residents are farmers, and they are the product of "storm" just as the villa. They often encounter the strong emotional tear. Violence is the main character and emotional style. However, this seemingly desolate villa is full of vitality and energy although this vitality is primitive, wild and pagan. The Thrushcross Grange is in the peaceful the garden area. The structure and interior decoration of the house is more beautiful and elegant .The people in the Thrushcross Grange are not farmers. They are squires and they have tenants, which make them have considerable social and political status. They are the product of "quiet" just as the country estate . But such the atmosphere which is lack of peace makes people feel depressed.
The "storm" and "peace" in the novel represent two completely different life styles, which are the two poles of people living state. When the two poles meet, there will be a fierce collision and conflict inevitably. The process of conflict is also a course of continuous convergence and integration. The two sides gradually changed in the opposite direction so that the original imbalance state can be restored and achieve a new balance and unity finally. Wuthering Heights describes the process of moving from imbalance to balance, which makes the two worlds as a "whole".
Finally, Katie and Hareton overcome the numerous obstacles which are full of hate with love and strength . They use the sincere love of the world to make the tyrant's cane filled with roses and the love return to earth. The union of their happiness make the two worlds united at last. It is also an eloquent proof that love can melt all barriers and differences. Love is unconquerable. It is love that ultimately turns the two heterogeneous worlds into an organic whole.
2.2 The duality of the affection presented by entangled protagonists
The whole novel develops around the story of Catherine and Heathcliff. There are four stories in the novel. The first layer introduces how they support and care about each other in the struggle to Hindley when they were young.They forge a profound friendship and generate love which will never change until death. The second layer describes Catherine's betrayal. She dies in love and hate finally. The third part is about the revenge of Heathcliff. The last layer describes the emptiness of Heathcliff who died in the desire to unite with Catherine in the other world after his revenge.
It can be said that their relationship is always filled with the love and hate of the flame from the beginning to the end. The beginning of love is beautiful and sincere. Catherine regarded Heathcliff as her own existence while Heathcliff takes her as his life and soul. But the difference between reality and class make Catherine betray their love and the two sides fell into endless pain and resentment. The deeper love, the more hate. The most true happiness and the deepest pain are all from love.
Heathcliff's hatred and revenge are from his love to Catherine while Catherine's hatred stems from the inability to combine and the incomprehension of Heathcliff's love. They fall in love but can not love each other. They chose a barbarous and primitive way together - torturing themselves and each other to express their strong love. In the the latter half of the novel, they emphasize that they could not be separated from each other, on the other hand, they vow to torture each other until death so that they could be together forever.
However, resentment and quarrel between Heathcliff and Catherine is only a special way to express the suffering love. Although they belong to two different material worlds and there is an insurmountable gap between them, they are consistent in spirit and take each other as their own existence. They hate because of love and express love with hate. But finally, love overcomes resentment. It is the power of love that unity the contradiction between "love and hate" peculiarly , so as to achieve the unification of love and resentment.
2.3 The duality of the personality accompanied by environmental change
The difference between love and resentment as well as the patterns of love are determined by the differences of the dual personality in the novel. The beauty and harmony of personality is not the simplification of personality, but the unity and opposites of persity, richness and complexity in character. A person with this rich and complex character is a complete organic organism. This dual character is very obvious in Catherine and Heathcliff.
Catherine is capricious and tough. She has a straightforward beauty just as the villa. But after returning from the Thrushcross Grange, she lives a dual life. In the villa home, she is not courteous as the original appearance. As soon as she arrives at the Grange or Edgar, she tries to make a graceful lady. Why is that so? Mackay once said that, ”the self consciousness in Vitoria is often judged by the society and its expectation”. For Vitoria, the identity is a matter of morality and society. It is the goal of every person in Vitoria to know and find the correct position of a man in a moral social system.
As a member of the society, the inpidual is inseparable from its influence. Catherine is not exception. By the influence of the people and the world around her, she looks like a dignified lady from a wild girl in order to be respected by others. With this change, she is getting away from her true self. When Heathcliff came back three years later, her repressed wild nature was awakened again . The shock of the two character sent her to the grave finally.
Nevertheless, Heathcliff is stubborn with rude and cruel behaviours, he is a demoniacal character. Three years later Heathcliff becomes mature and steady after his mysterious disappearance. His manners are even more serious, and they are not as crude as he used to be. But it is just a superficial phenomenon. His real inpiduality has never been changed and always ready to tear down the camouflage of his hypocritical mask. In the beginning of a series of revenges, his inner world is full of pleasure, but also suffer from split personality. On the one hand, in order to revenge, he constantly twisted his soul, so as not to forget the revenge plan. On the other hand, his love for Catherine made him loyal to himself. In the meantime, he suffer the torture of missing Catherine.
He felt a great emptiness after revenge succeed. He seems to be found the shadow of Catherine and himself from Katie and Hareton. Under Catherine's impel and inspire, he realizes the unity of himself by hunger striking. Depend on the manner of death, love combine two split dual personalities. For them, they embrace the death, will also embrace the love. They will finally find their own supplies for each other, so as to achieve the unify of their dual personalities.