The engineer and his role in disease control
Introduction:介绍
As the development of society begins to accumulate, people cannot life without engineer. 随着社会发展的积累，人们不能没有工程师而生活。However, what does engineer do for people? 但是，工程师对人们有什么作用呢？There is an important responsibility of engineer is disease control. 工程师的一个重要责任是疾病防治。Engineers are able to provide people clean water, rubbish collection reasonable traffic network and also treating with pollutions. 工程师可以为人们提供清洁的水、收集垃圾、合理的交通网络，并且处理污染。They supply convenience almost in every side of people’s life. In this report, I would like to give a typical example for people to show how engineer does in disease control, such as sewage treatment about Thames River. And also I’m going to describe the detail of the cause of formation of the disease after Industrial Revolution, how to treat sewage of Thames River and how did people reform system. Using the example, people may understand the importance of engineer in people’s life, and also seeing the reason of why engineer saves more lives than a doctor. Therefore, the aim of this report is through showing what engineer did for disease control and his role to proof that engineers are key players in disease control, and also engineers have an indispensible station in society.
Example:举例
During the Industrial Revolution, disease was a constant threat. 工业革命期间，疾病是一个持续的威胁 At that time, towns were growing with a rapid speed. 当时，城镇正以很快的速度增长。As the population explosion, the requirement of housing was increasing distinctly. 随着人口的猛增，房屋的需求越来越明显。So a considerable number of houses which were small and low quality built quickly. 因此，相当数量的小而低质量的房子快速建造起来。These slums didn’t have rubbish collection, sewage treatment and some basic facilities for washing1. 这些贫民窟没有垃圾收集、污水处理和一些基本的洗漱设施。 In this condition, the amount of bacteria was increasing rapidly. Therefore, a significant number of domestic sewage and industrial sewage were out flowed into rivers and streams without any treatment. In addition, there were a large number of wastes accumulated in coastwise. The Thames River was such an example about this. The result of this situation is the spread of disease. Between 1831 and 1866 there were 4 cholera epidemics during which over 35,000 people died, but it was not until the third epidemic in 1853/4 that cholera was linked to the water supply2.
In 1950, domestic and industrial sewage, thermal pollution from power stations and gas works, all these factors led to the river dead virtually, and almost no fish in the river.. In 1961, improvement of sewage treatment was beginning, it district some industrial pollution from Thames River3. Government reconstructed and extended sewers, and hundreds sewage treatment plants were built. And also the government established a series of strict regulations about domestic and industrial sewage. The sewage treatment system was completed. On the other hand, the treatment plant operator will have to develop skills. These are some of the basic factor to consider when contemplating a new plant, replacement of present facilities and physical methods5. And then salmon returned to Thames in 1974 – the first for 150 years4. For this example, sewage treatment is significantly important for people’s life and society. The two factors for treating the water pollution were system reform and management. In 2006, with a £2 billion price tag its 39km of long storage and transfer tunnel was constructed for collection and treatment. Then there were two more link tunnels would be constructed5. And the total cost was about 1700 million. People spent nearly 40 years to improve the quality of water in Thames River. However, Thames River is a typical instant of sewage treatment.
When the phenomenon came into society that sewage pollutes rivers, it was not taken seriously. As a result, there were tens of thousands people died for disease. In this case, there were many factors led to this result, such as the irrational placement of housed for poor people, untreated sewage out flowed into rivers and a number of industrial pollution during the Industrial Revolution. That is the reason for the spread of disease.
Conclusion:结论
In conclusion, this example has already shown the role of engineering in disease control. 总之，这个例子已经展示了工程师在疾病预防中的作用。Engineers supply people clean water and sewage treatment. They provide a perfectly system about rubbish collection and domestic sewage management. People have a clear and healthy social environment. So it is why engineer saves more live than a doctor. A doctor can cure of disease, this is not the fundamentally way to control disease. But engineer can improve people’s life quality. For instant, factories flowed industrial sewage into the river, a doctor may not know how to treat sewage, but engineer does. Sewage is a suitable condition for growing disease. Engineers are able to control the disease from source, and reducing the incidence of disease to lowest. So engineers are key players in disease control, and also they save lives than doctors.
References参考书目:
[1] Schoolshistory “Disease during the Industrial Revolution”. (Online) (Accessed 9th October 2009)
[2], [3] The-river-thames (2009) “The river Thames – Its pollution and clean up ”. (Online)
(Accessed 10th October 2009)
[4] Matthew Sparkes (2007) “Salmon Return to the Thames”
(Accessed 10th October 2009)
[5] John Arundel. Sewage and industrial effluent treatment. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 2000. ISBN reference number 0632053569