目的论视野下简介类文本翻译之英语研究--以济南大学英文网站为例

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Background of the Research
The internationalization of China’s higher education is the historical mission ofthe times and is the only way for higher education institutions to make a breakthroughin the fierce global competition. The degree of internationalization of education is areflection of the academic strength and school-running level of a university and ameasure of the international influence of a university. Published in 2010, The Outlineof the National Medium- and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan(2010-2020) claims that China will work to make education more open and improvethe standard of education internationalization in the next decade. Most colleges anduniversities have incorporated internationalization into their schools’ “the 12thFive-Year” development plans and made it an important part of the schools’comprehensive development strategies. Technological advancement is one of the maindrivers of globalization. Chinese universities will undoubtedly make full use of theInternet technology and attach great importance to the construction of universitywebsites to accelerate their internationalization process. At present, Most Chineseuniversities have set up their own Chinese and English websites. This is theembodiment of the soft strength of colleges and universities, and an importantplatform for universities to burnish their image and enhance their position ininternational exchanges and cooperation with other countries.
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1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Research
Under the guidance of the Skopos Theory, the thesis aims to improve the qualityof the translation of the UJN official website. It first pointed out the problems existingin the translation of the university’s website. It then analyzed the various aspects ofthe existing problems in language norms at the linguistic, pragmatic and culturallevels. Three principles — purpose, coherence and fidelity — were used for theanalysis.
The current study provides both theoretical and practical significance in thetranslation field. Theoretically, Skopos Theory was for the first time to be used toguide the translation from a micro level. In practice, the combination of theory andpractice in this study provided a better method to deal with the problems in translation.Moreover, the research also offered a better reference for the similar cases so that theother fields can also gain experience.
Overall, with the deepening international influence of UJN, it has put forwardhigher requirements for the English version of its website. Under the guidance ofSkopos Theory, the author has successfully solved the practical problems whenexploring the English introduction of the website of UJN Effective strategies andsuggestions for improving the translation were proposed at last.
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Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Studies on English Translation of Introductory Texts
In recent years, with the increasingly high level of Chinese universities’internationalization, more and more foreign students come to China for further study.The translation quality of introductory texts has also been greatly improved, whichhelps to attract more international students to study in Chinese universities. However,it inevitably keeps many problems in the process of the development. With technologydevelopment, the online website has been used as an effective way for spreadingintroductory texts. Many universities have published their introductory texts on theirofficial websites. This study takes the UJN’s website as an Example. The problemsexisting in the translation are listed as follows:
First, Chinese expressions contain many redundant words. If they are translatedinto English without reconstructing, the redundancy will become the translation errors,which only obscure the precision and concision. For the mechanical errors, allMicrosoft Office programs can check the spelling and grammar.
Pragmatics studies the use of language in context. Different from the grammarstudy, it is about the study of human language itself. In using the language, thespeaker is not simply to express language ingredients and the static meaning symbolsand units. Instead, when speaking, the speaker is showing a series of psychologicalinference so that the hearer will have a better understanding of the speaker’s realintentions. The mere knowing of the pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of thelanguage is far from enough to have a proper use of the language, let alone the realunderstanding between the speaker and the hearer. There are some repetitive words inChinese university websites, affecting the readability and acceptability of thelanguage. This is not consistent with the styles of the English, like conciseness and theavoidance of repetition. English, different from Chinese, has its uniqueness.Translation action shall put the audience into consideration; reader’s pragmatic habitsshall be paid great attention to so as to enhance the acceptability and readability of thetranslation text.
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2.2 Studies on English Translation of University Websites
With the rapid development of China’s economy, there is great progress inChina’s higher education. In order to promote the spreading of Chinese culture andphilosophy and attract foreign students to study in China, we must pay high attentionto the translation work of Chinese university websites, which in the long run willdefinitely promote the world culture exchanges and development. Recent years haswitnessed great progress in Chinese university websites’ translation, which hasreceived considerable critical attention from translation researchers. Previous studieshave reported problems existing in the Chinese university website translation. Morerecent attention has focused on using translation theories to guide their translationwork and proposing improvement measures. Theories include, but are not limited to,Localization, Translation Variation Theory, Text Type Theory, Functional TranslationTheory. The most salient studies are reviewed as follows:
Zhang Xinjun and Yang Hui (Zhang Xinjun & Yang Hui, 2003), in the Survey ofUniversity website Translation, summed up four common problems: informationprocessing problems, redundancy, Chinglish and spelling error. Then the above fourproblems were analyzed through enumerated instances. Finally, the causes of theseproblems are analyzed, and improvement opinions are put forward: college Englishpages should be paid great attention to the quality of the translation; translationexperts proofread the translation work; translators should frequently look throughwebsite of foreign universities in order to study and draw lessons from the expressionof tunnels and specification.
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Chapter Three Theoretical Framework...................................................11
3.1 The Origin and Development of Skopos Theory.................................... 11
3.2 Three Principles of Skopos Theory...........................14
3.3 The Theoretical Framework..................................15
Chapter Four Case Analysis................................17
4.1 Analysis at the Lexical Level.....................................17
4.2 Analysis at the Syntactic Level................................ 24
4.3 Analysis at the Textual Level.....................................27
Chapter Five Conclusion................................. 33
5.1 Major Findings.....................................33
5.2 Limitations and Further Studies..............................34

Chapter Four Case Analysis

4.1 Analysis at the Lexical Level
In the English website, some errors occurred at the lexical level include languagenorms (for example, inaccurate translation of statistical data), transfer of capital andsmall letters, and the use of space and punctuation. As a top university with ahigh-quality education, these errors must be corrected by strict scrutiny. Otherwise,it may make a bad first impression to the website visitors of the university. As isknown to us, when a new visitor comes to the university website for the first time, aninitial impression will be formed pretty quickly. A good first impression will probablyincrease the chances of that visitor returning again for learning more informationwhile a bad first impression will be difficult to overcome. Website visitors will not beimpressed and they are probably not to be back.
Furthermore, when it comes to culture-loaded words, they must be analyzedspecifically to guarantee the successful transfer of the information into the targetlanguage.
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Chapter Five Conclusion

5.1 Major Findings

reference(omitted)