管理工作说到底就是做人的工作。随着信息化时代的迅猛发展，人们了解他人思想、情感、见解和价值观，沟通将信息按一定的程序进行编码后，通过信息通信渠道传递给信息接收者，它是管理者正确把握官兵思想动态的重要手段，也是管理者做好人员思想政治工作、解决官兵思想问题的有效途径。人们的人生观、价值观、世界观也日趋多元化，看待问题的角度更是千差万别。要提高部队人员管理效益，管理者就必须掌握一定的沟通技巧和方法。部队管理者只有通过广泛的沟通对管理对象的思想、心理、情绪全面了解，对思想变化进行综合分析，针对不同情况和特点，采取不同形式的管理教育方法，管理工作才能做到有的放矢，达到理想的效果。
所谓沟通，是指人们通过语言和非语言方式传递并理解信息、知识的过程，是人们了解他人思想、情感、见解和价值观的一种双向的途径。沟通过程就是信息交流的全过程，是指信息发送者将信息按一定的程序进行编码后，通过信息通信渠道传递给信息接收者，信息接收者将收到的信息进行解码处理的过程。沟通过程模型包括信息发送者、信息、编码、通道、接收者、解码、反馈等七个要素。
Force management in the final analysis is a man's job. With the rapid development of the information age, people's outlook on life, values, and worldview are becoming increasingly persified business perspective is different. To improve the effectiveness of military personnel management, managers must master certain skills and methods of communication. Forces managers to communicate only through broad ideas for managed objects, mental, emotional comprehensive understanding of the comprehensive analysis of changes in thinking, different situations and characteristics, to take a different approach in the form of management
education, management can be targeted to achieve the desired effect.
一、沟通的含义
one communication means.
The so-called communication, is that people understand the process of information transfer and knowledge through verbal and nonverbal ways, is that people understand the kind to others thoughts, feelings, opinions and values bidirectional way. Communication process is the whole process of exchange of information refers to the message sender information is encoded according to certain procedures, information is passed to the recipient via information and communication channels, Information recipient will receive the decoding process and send information back to the by the process. Communication process model shown below, which includes seven elements sender, message, coding, channel, receiver, decoding and feedback.
二、沟通在基层人员管理中的重要性。
Second, the importance of communication at the grassroots level personnel management.
Communication at the grassroots level personnel management leaves] pivotal, as futurist John Naisbitt said: "The future of competition will be managed, the focus of competition is that every member of society between the organization and its internal and external organizations effectively the communication. "in the personnel management process, only full attention to the management and exchange of information in the external environment, to fully grasp the dynamic environment and thinking people, in order to create a favorable internal and external environment for personnel management, improve management efficiency.
(A) Effective communication helps improve management efficiency.
Communication is the force managers to plan, the premise and basis for decision-making forces managers face changing internal and external environment, planning, decision-making is to correctly judge the correctness of the key managers. The decision making is correct, the key lies in the quantity and quality of information, communication and information needs to play a role. If the information passed comprehensive, critical, timely and able to make decisions and plan realistic, in line with the objective law, the likelihood of success on the big. If enough force managers to communicate with the soldiers, the available information is inaccurate or incomplete, we can not guarantee to make the right judgments in management, to develop a proper plan, even develop a plan, this plan does not conform to reality, will affect to management efficiency.
(B) Effective communication can help resolve management conflicts.
Troops relationship is harmonious, manage conflicts can be effectively resolved, level, channels and methods to communicate mainly by officers to decide between. Through effective communication can enhance mutual understanding between the officers and men. Communication can not only convey information about the knowledge, thoughts and emotions can pass information between the officers and men to promote emotional blend that mood, reduce interpersonal conflict and conflict. In particular to optimize the relationship between the manager and the manager is more inseparable from communication, there is no effective communication between officers and men, it is possible misunderstanding in the management process, estrangement, conflicts and disputes, thus affecting the normal work force carried out.
(C) Effective communication helps to motivate soldiers to fight.
Communication with mental health effects can be achieved within the organization and motivation. Force managers through effective communication, not only to meet the needs of soldiers and emotional understanding, but also due to the officers and men get emotional expression and feel comfortable, thus enhancing mental health, arousing men's combat effectiveness. In addition, effective communication can also mobilize the enthusiasm of the officers and men to participate and improve the overall cohesion of the troops. Force managers face different characters managed objects, to ensure that the activities organized, concerted conduct, there is no communication between each other timely information is impossible.
Third, the implementation of effective communication should focus on grasping the link.
Effective communication should be timely, accurate, economical and complete. Communication process, including not only send and receive, but also other methods to improve communication adopted. Currently, the grass in the implementation of personnel management, communication manager for the lack of awareness, the management role to play in communicating bad. To improve the effectiveness of the troops of communication, must focus on understanding and grasp of several key aspects.
(A) focus on two-way communication.
Opposed to one-way communication with two-way communication, one-way communication is the leader down to convey orders, subordinate only symbolic feedback, such communication will not help dry the supervision and management decision-making, will dampen officers work enthusiasm and collective belonging. Part of the command level managers employed management is a typical one-way communication, not readily understand the subordinate managers understand the communication information is correct, under the command execution encountered difficulties can not be timely feedback. Communication between both sides will be able to avoid these drawbacks, the correct level of understanding can communicate through feedback, improve communication situation. Therefore, we must change the one-way communication is two-way communication. Two-way communication will be more conducive to promote close collaboration troops, inspire enthusiasm soldiers managed to give soldiers more right to speak. In the two-way communication, with particular attention to the two-way communication between subordinates. People in the higher position, have a sense of approachable, to improve the image of each other to create a harmonious atmosphere casually point, so that the lower outspoken. If the higher casually interfere with people accusing people who criticize, ridicule people, it will make two-way communication is not smooth. Managers to establish two-way communication, the first subordinate to the views of the warm welcome and concern, giving ample opportunity to speak, listen more, less evaluation, improve the effectiveness of personnel in order to facilitate communication.
(B) seize the opportunity to communicate.
Complex composed of grassroots forces, soldiers from all over the world, with different academic and social experiences, which may enable them to produce a different understanding of the same content. The troops managers often do not notice the difference, thus forming a barrier of communication. Communication needs of different nature and have different ways of communication environment, forces managers to be based on different communication objects and content, select the appropriate communication time, place and method to achieve the best corporate communication effects. Different people take different ways to communicate in different situations, everything over time, changing conditions and objects change, not mechanically stick to some fixed model. As for policies, regulations and orders of superiors, to convey instructions to select the next solemn solemn occasions; understanding of the staff thought the situation, to choose a relaxed, informal setting, and to be in no other tolerances mission personnel situation; ideological transformation of personnel, to the relative privacy of the occasion, and the next thought little fluctuation personnel conduct; and outgoing, cheerful staff to communicate to listen more talk less introverted, and character, frail man to take the initiative to ask the staff to communicate and so on.
The opportunity to communicate properly, will affect the effectiveness of communication, information and sometimes even cause the recipient rebellious, inspired management conflicts.
(C) learn to actively listen.
Listen to the communication process is an important part. To get the most effective managers in the communication of information, we must first learn to really listen. When the officers and men to express their views and opinions, the managers should seriously listen Meanwhile, managers want to put yourself on the role of subordinates, understand empathy, in order to properly understand their intentions. Furthermore, it should listen objectively listen subordinates rather than halfway chipped or judgment immediately. When subordinates relatively sharp opinions, emotions affect managers should try to remain rational and restrained, if emotional control, you should suspend further communication until restore calm. Also, when listening to others speak, you should pay attention to express concern for each other through non-verbal signals. For example, nod approvingly and appropriate facial expressions, etc. with a positive vision; while avoiding some of the effects of the other little tricks to speak, as kept watch, read documents, pen scrawl graffiti, etc.; Also moment Note that the details of the conversation with others, able to understand non-verbal information, to understand each other as much as possible to use it with justice, attention to "the wind blows," hear the other language implies and the "outer chord tone", make full use of it to improve communication efficiency.
(D) to improve communication systems.
The current communication problems exist forces personnel management is not all managers of personal problems, there are problems in communication systems. Excessive management, organizational structure more complex, the need for transmission of information through a number of intermediate links, to get to the end, which often lead to loss of information and deterioration. Therefore, forces managers to communicate with the officers, should minimize the communication level. The more senior managers more often to communicate directly with soldiers. Should strengthen the system construction, and actively improve communication structure, reasonable to select the appropriate communication channels, the development phase References:
Off workflow and information delivery procedures to ensure the smooth flow of information channels to provide accurate and reliable information for managers at all levels of decision-making. In addition, to enhance communication both horizontal and oblique. LAN units and departments can open the mailbox, the information public through the Internet, the rapid promotion policies, listen to the voices of soldiers, officers and difficult to solve, so to maximize the speed of information transfer, contradictions are resolved to minimize, reduce poor communication caused by differences in status. At the same time, managers should create conditions for mutual communication between officers and men. Give full play to the role of interest groups, self-help groups and other informal organizations through a variety of cultural and sports activities, establish mutual communication between officers and men, freedom to express ideas and opinions channels, inspire wisdom, releasing energy. Develop collective sense of honor and encourage the development of officers and men of the troops into the words and ideas to enhance the sense of ownership scientific decision-making ability officers and managers.