留学生论文开头部分的ABSTRACT和INTRODUCTION怎么写？我们就拿Unconsolidated-UndreainedTriaxialCompressionTest 这个主题为例，小编就此论题给大家做个示范：
Abstract摘要
在本项目中，非固结不排水三轴压缩试验通过测量施加在所述试样上的总应力来确定粘性土圆柱形试样的强度和应力-应变关系。在本试验中，该试样在三轴室内受到限制流体压力，并被剪切。在轴向变形速率下的压缩-土壤的抗压强度。土壤的抗压强度是根据总应力来确定的。未固结的不排水三轴强度适用于施加荷载过大、没有足够时间耗散导孔水压的情况。装载期间的加固和加固。
In this project, unconsolidated-undrained triaxial compression teststo determine the strengthand stress-strain relationships of a cylindrical specimen ofcohesive soils by measuringthetotal stresses applied to the specimenareconducted.In this test experiment, thespecimen is subjected to a confining fluid pressure in a triaxial chamberand sheared in compression at aconstant rate of axial deformationthe compressive strength of a soil.The compressive strength of a soil isdetermined based on the total stress.The unconsolidated undrained triaxial strength is applicableto situations where the loads are applied sorapidly that there is insufficient time for the dissipation ofinduced pore-waterpressure and consolidation during theloading period.
1. Introduction介绍
在材料科学中，三轴剪切试验是一种常用的测量可变形固体如渣土力学性能的方法。根据几个关键参数，三轴剪切试验可分为固结排水试验、固结不排水试验和非固结不排水试验。在本项目中，通过测量施加在试样上的总应力，确定粘性土圆柱形试样的强度和应力-应变关系的非固结不排水三轴压缩试验（获得的所有值应符合规程D6026）。在三轴室中受到限制流体压力的作用下，以轴向变形的恒定速率（应力控制且不允许排水）对试样进行压缩剪切。在该试验方法中，土壤的抗压强度根据总应力确定。因此，最终强度高度依赖于压力。加载过程中在孔隙流体中建立的液位。由于在加载过程中不允许流体流动，因此所获得的极限强度与排水情况下产生的极限强度不同。
在试样完全饱和的情况下，在施加围压后不允许出现固结，因为不允许出现排水现象。因此，在试验过程中，相同材料、含水量和孔隙比大致相同的试样将表现出相似的（如果不是相同的）不排水抗剪强度。如果试样部分饱和（压实试样），即使不允许排水，也可能在施加围压时发生固结。在此，相同材料的试样在不同的围压应力下会表现出不同的不排水抗剪强度。
未固结的不排水三轴强度适用于在加载期间没有足够时间耗散诱导孔隙水压力和固结的情况（换句话说，未观察到排水）。
In materials science, triaxial shear test is a method commonly used to measure the mechanical properties of deformable solidssuch assoil. Based on several key parameters, triaxial shear test can be categorized as consolidated drained test, consolidated undrained test and unconsolidated undrained test. In this project, anunconsolidated-undrained triaxial compression testto determinethe strengthand stress-strain relationships of a cylindrical specimen ofcohesive soils by measuringthetotal stresses applied to the specimenis conducted (All values obtained shall be consistent to Practice D6026). Subjected to a confining fluid pressure in a triaxial chamber,thespecimen is sheared in compression at aconstant rate of axial deformation(strain controlled and no drainage is allowed).In this test method, the compressive strength of a soil isdetermined based on the total stress.Therefore, theultimatestrength is highly dependent on the pressure level established in the pore fluidduring the loading process. As no fluid flow is permittedduring the loading process, the ultimatestrength obtained differs fromthat developed in the case where drainage occurs.
In the case that specimens are fully saturated, consolidationis not observed after the application of the confining pressure as drainage is not permitted.As a result, specimens of the same material and with approximately the same water content andvoid ratio during testing will exhibitsimilar, if not the same, undrained shear strength. In the case that specimens arepartially saturated (compactedspecimens),consolidation may occur when the confining pressure isapplied, even though drainage is not permitted. Herein, specimens of the same materialtested at different confining stresseswill exhibit different undrained shear strength.
The unconsolidated undrained triaxial strength is applicableto situations where the loads are applied sorapidly that there is insufficient time for the dissipation ofinduced pore-waterpressure and consolidation during theloading period (in other words, no drainage observed).