美国留学生酒店管理业课程小essay：高职酒店管理专业的体系分析To develop vocational traini

Higher hotel management graduates currently prevalent unrealistic , hands-on ability, attitude instability phenomenon, which ignore the vocational and higher vocational education to develop training are closely related.
到现在为止高职酒店管理专业结业生存在广泛存在眼圣手低、动手有经验差、心态不定等现象，这与高职教育不重视生业养成训练关系近有关。

First, vocational training to develop the content and effect
一、生业养成训练的涵养及效用

1 . Vocational training to develop the content
1．职业养成训练的内涵

" Rudimentary training " refers not only to receive education in the classroom , but also refers to the life, social practice consciously develop their own training , that conscious awareness of their own habits and automatic behavior . Vocational training is to train students to develop good professional habits and good habits into their career thinking , eventually forming unconscious instinct .
“养成训练”不只是指在课堂上接纳教育，并且还指在生存中、社会形态实践中自觉培育自个儿的素养，即自觉的认识、自身的习性、半自动的行径。生业养成训练是为了培育学生令人满意的生业习性，并将令人满意的生业习性融入其思想中，最后形成无认识的本能反响。

Vocational training in hotel management professional occupations is to develop the school in imparting theoretical knowledge and practical skills, through the use of various means , using a variety of occasions , long-term adherence to help students develop good professional qualities , so its future in employment On the one hand have a strong ability to work, on the other hand can consciously abide by the provisions of the enterprise , as welcomed by enterprises of qualified employees.

2 . Develop the role of vocational training
Professionalism is a key factor in the success of his career . Good professional qualities include professional ethics, professional awareness, professional habits , job skills and other aspects. Including professional ethics, professional consciousness can be said that a person intrinsic conservation ; and professional habits , vocational skills can be said that a person 's outward appearance conservation form .

Develop training a benefit students good ethics ; two professional help consolidate ideas, improve teaching quality ; three will help improve students' employability and competitiveness.

Second, develop a Training System Construction

Develop vocational training can never be done overnight, nor is it to rely on one or two classes can be created in a few areas of practice . It needs through vocational learning the whole process of hotel management , the need to develop a system of vocational training system for culture . Through the " three-step interactive growth" develop vocational training system , that is, the hotel career awareness and vocational ability development as the main line , the school " theory and practical teaching ," and the base " Practice and nurtured " by combining build a " school a base in a school "talent cultivation path .

The first stage is 1-3 semester, discipline -based school teachers , parents and business professionals Magisterium supplement. Students under the guidance of professional teachers , completed basic vocational theory of learning , while professional teachers and business part-time teachers under the guidance of the school training base in the simulation completed basic vocational skills training. Develop students' professional etiquette habits, team spirit and sense of responsibility and love. Through visits to the corporate and professional seminars , students of vocational emotion and dedication of philosophy. The second stage is the first 4-5 semester internship instructor base mainly dominated discipline , school discipline , supplemented by teachers and parents . Student internship training through to the base , the whole really professional environment, in practice under the guidance of teachers discipline students for professional ethics, professional awareness, professional habits and occupational skills.

The third stage is the sixth semester, discipline -based school teachers , parents and business professionals Magisterium supplement. Students return to school to complete an internship base in the professional under the guidance of teachers , students focus on teamwork .

Third, vocational training methods and forms of literacy

1 . Creating an atmosphere and professional career shaping the image
Professionalism vocational training requires a certain atmosphere and shaping the professional image , the hotel management students into the school in the class must be the hotel industry uniforms , while professional teachers in teaching but also in accordance with the requirements of the hotel industry uniforms, by shaping the career image experience professional atmosphere .

Freshmen that etiquette of receiving vocational training , and through the years etiquette trainer through the tracking of training , so that students form good habits of professional etiquette , and create a smile , friendly and friendly learning environment , feel good professional atmosphere. Through professional etiquette training , students of makeup , flaxen hair , standing, walking and other professional standards conform hotel deportment , so that students really feel the hospitality industry 's temperament and training .

2 . Building simulation training and teaching environment
Construction of the hotel industry exhibition room , so that students feel more intuitive modern hotel industry history and current situation , and equipped with electronic data, data systems so that students can click the check today 's most famous hotel company relevant information . So that students feel the atmosphere of the hotel while working a correct understanding of the hospitality industry , to stimulate student learning initiative , enthusiasm.

Through close cooperative participation will base into a professional training room simulation training base , in accordance with the requirements of the construction of high-star hotel standard rooms , Chinese and Western restaurants simulation , simulation lobby , so that students learn better professional career environment carried out under the professional norms , vocational training habits .

3 . To carry out the task -driven context and teaching
Professional teachers to carry out the lecture -based teaching situational teaching , so that students in professional knowledge and professional skills in the learning process to strengthen career awareness , cultivate professionalism.

Through the task -driven teaching mode to carry out, breaking the traditional form of the inpidual and written assignments . Actively carry out teamwork , students teamwork spirit and ability ; while actively expanding form of extra-curricular or outdoor work , the ability of students to communicate socially .

4 . Guide and develop students' self- management model
According to today's high- star hotel management models, establish the standardization and institutionalization of class management system , hotel management and the implementation of a unique combination of class management management model . Take the lobby of classroom management , dormitory management room of "two mode " to create a professional atmosphere to enhance students' quality of life . Use of the hotel's management philosophy management classes, and class activities undertaken to carry out foreign exchange and cooperation .

5 . Construction of Hidden Curriculum
Students good professionalism, in addition to regular classroom instruction , but also the need to establish full use of community activities , themed events and large festival activities hidden curriculum enhancing vocational literacy training .

Organizational excellence intern report , graduates return to school seminars, lectures and industry experts organized students to visit the high-star hotels and other ways to carry out vocational literacy training .

6 . Schools, businesses , parents tripartite participation discipline
Schools, businesses , parents tripartite formation of professionalism as a student discipline who must pay attention to their students' professionalism in the formation of the roles and status , thus the formation of "education together " in order to achieve the best educational results .

Freshmen into the school are generally accompanied by parents , schools should make full use of this opportunity to show the students through the older students, professional quality , visit the hotel industry, hotel industry and understand the exhibition room hotel services, hotel management career eliminate prejudices . Parents of school-to- three years of professional training programs, so that parents understand the school's training model and methods , and to actively cooperate with the school's educational and teaching work. Please start from the beginning education nascent industry experts , to help guide students to career planning . Meanwhile , the use of higher vocational colleges good school-enterprise cooperation mechanism, and actively recruit business experts participate in school teaching and practical guidance , professional atmosphere will guide people to regular teaching activities.

Through student practice at the base of the whole truth , feel the corporate culture to accept professional training to enable students to truly understand the industry , to understand positions , students the spirit of dedication .

School in the student's professionalism during the formation of the design and the implementation of those plays an important role in every aspect of the design should be actively training tasks and requirements , and ultimately assess students .

Fourth, the hotel management to develop training in professional occupations main content

Through the survey found that the hotel business , hotel management staff will service awareness, interpersonal skills , team work and leadership skills , ability to adapt and learn as the most important capability .

1 . Service Awareness
Service awareness training should be a prerequisite for all abilities , a person is only love a job, job recognition , be possible to dedicate increased inputs and continuous improvement . Therefore, we must allow students to work on the hotel services are highly identity , so that they feel the hotel service is a science and art of combining the skills , rather than simply "serve people " work.

2 . Interpersonal skills
Hotel services are dealing with people 's work , so the training is the most important interpersonal skills , the ability to cultivate mainly through travel etiquette , communication management, tourism and psychological teaching to achieve, but also through extensive extracurricular activities to students increased. Students know the basic etiquette , to understand the rules of Teachers who respect others , to make interpersonal communication is seamless .

3 . Team work and leadership
As students of vocational colleges usually in the early learning process as less class leadership , the team work and leadership should be strengthened. This requires teachers in their daily teaching project management training by adding relevant content , give some opportunities for students in classroom discussions , training courses form a team , a simple implementation of the project , so as to effectively enhance students' teamwork and leadership skills.

4 . Adaptation and learning ability
The ability required in the task -driven training mode, to give students some challenging tasks , put some time pressure , let it complete the task. Such as foreign language teaching, Jinhua Vocational and Technical College English teaching methods using rolling the lectures, students consolidate the next lesson , the teacher the next day serious screening methods to improve students' ability to learn quickly under pressure .

Confucius said: "less as if nature, habits such as natural ." Good habits is a concrete manifestation of human qualities , but also the inpidual's lifetime wealth, vocational Hotel Management students focus on the training and professionalism shaping , students have a good career ethics and behavior , so that students learn to be, learning to do , become the hotel industry much-needed high-quality high-skilled professionals.