Domestic Development of Internet Bank
Accounting and Finance财务会计学
Domestic researches on internet bank国内对网上银行的研究
Along with the development of domestic internet bank, more and more people begin to pay close attention to the internet bank. 随着国内网络银行的发展，越来越多的人开始密切关注网上银行。In 2009 the east wealth website released “the 2009 China internet banking survey report”, and it shows that, despite impacted by the global financial crisis, Chinese internet bank in general is still keeping up the development situation, especially personal internet bank business, 2009年，东财富网发布“2009中国网上银行调查报告”表明，尽管受全球金融危机的影响，中国大部分网上银行仍然保持向上的发展态势，尤其是个人网上银行业务。In the past year, in vigorously promoting of the competent industrial department, various Banks, CFCA and related institutions, personal Internet banking market increases inverse the trend, and performs a strong momentum of development. 在过去的一年里，在行业主管部门、各银行、CFCA和相关机构的大力推进下，个人网上银行市场增加逆流，并执行一个强劲的发展势头。The study also finds out that the internet bank development is still closely related with the overall development scale and strategies, especially offline business development strategy. From the regional features of distribution of internet bank, most national commercial Banks’ business of the internet bank has the feature that the key areas focus on the development of strategies, including China merchants’ bank whose business development is outstanding. While Chinese four state-owned commercial banks whose offline business support ability is strong, their business of the internet bank in the national scope remain relatively evenly distribution. Although Internet users understand the main channel of the internet bank is the Internet, while the Internet banking services are still supported or restricted by the traditional offline networks, it still has not really realize “internet services internet development” purpose.
Many people propose the improvement comments and suggestions to the current internet banking. ZhengYan (2009) in “the research on the development and countermeasures of Chinese internet bank” mentions that network security has to be the main factor that effect on our country's development of the internet bank. In the internal management, risk management still needs improvement. At present the internet bank security risk management strategy and various kinds of guiding standards have not formed a system of risk management. Risk analysis model and method are not mature, quantitative analysis is not enough, lack of mature and systematical risk management process and method. In the information technology, financial network security has hidden trouble. As to the network is virtual, it requires higher strict “firewall”, identity authentication, security system layer protocol, safety electronic trading standard and other measures, and in the authenticity of information, the legitimacy of the identity of the customers, the payment information integrity, the legitimacy of the internet transactions, are impossible to completely eliminate the suspicions of people. Additionally, internet banking supervision system, network trade legislation are not perfect. The relevant laws and regulations are relatively lag behind the fast development of internet bank. Those all lack maneuverability and guidance. In any dispute, the cognizance of the responsibility, or the execution of the arbitration results and other complex legal relationship are difficult to solve in the existing condition. In light with the existing problems in the development of internet bank, commercial Banks have to take active measures to strengthen the channel management, further improve the incentive and restraint mechanism of internet bank, establish a sound risk management system of the internet bank, as well as to reserve and train financial talents for the internet bank, and perfect legal laws and regulations and risk supervision, to ensure that the internet bank can continuously, healthy and quick develop.
If the internet bank wants to further develop, it needs to develop new business varieties and the service contents, and to combine the traditional banking services and network channel closely together, on the one hand, enrich the contents of internet bank, on the other hand also must stress the inpiduation of financial products. 如果网上银行想要进一步发展，就需要开发新的业务品种和服务内容，并且将传统的银行服务与网络通道紧密结合起来。一方面，丰富网上银行内容，另一方面还必须强调个性化的金融产品。The electronic business arising in the Internet age is the main development direction of the bank on the internet. To the customers, no matter traditional trading, or emerging e-commerce, payments are the important part of the deal, the difference is, the electronic commerce pays emphasis on process and the means of payment electronic. Whether effectively achieve the means of payment and the network is the key to success or failure for electronic trade, which relates directly to the electronic commerce development prospects.
The internet bank creates the electronic currency and the advantaged internet payment function in e-commerce, for the realization of the electronic payment provides strong support. As the final executives of electronic payment and settlement, the internet bank plays a connection role between the buyers and sellers, and the development of electronic commerce and internet bank is interaction and mutual benefit, they are mutual influenced, the internet bank also brings huge business development space for e-business, so with the development of e-commerce, the development of the internet bank also is an inevitable trend.
Commercial bank internet banking development in China中国网上商业银行的发展
The rapid growth of Internet users provides more potential users for the development of the bank on the internet. 互联网用户的快速增长为网络银行的发展提供了更多的潜在用户。Reviewing the domestic development history of internet bank, in 1997, the CMB “all-in-one-card” opened an internet business, began to open the domestic prelude of internet bank, in the 1999 Agricultural Banks offered personal internet bank, in 2000 China bank launched its internet business on the Internet, in 2001, industry and commerce bank drastically explored its internet market development, to the date, almost every large domestic commercial Bank is offering its own internet banking or in the internet to set up its own home page and web site, and then emerges the famous brand websites and famous products. But at present China has not yet completely dependent business pure virtual bank.
The China banking regulatory commission data show that, by the end of 2010, Chinese commercial banks (state-owned and joint-stock) have 74.945 million household users of the internet bank, increasing by 21.054 million households more than that in 2009, the growth rate reaches 39%.中国银行业监督管理委员会的数据显示，到2010年年底，中国的商业银行（国有及股份制）共拥有74945000网上银行的家庭用户的，比2009年增加了21054000户，增长率达到39％。“The 2010 China investigation report on the internet bank” covers the permanent residents of the capital city of provinces such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan and Liaoning province. The survey takes 18 - 50 year old of Internet users and enterprise financial personnel as a sampling survey. The survey shows that the public's cognition of the bank on the internet is very high, whether inpidual users or enterprise users, 80% above all have heard the bank on the internet, this data is more greatly increasing than that in 2009. In this recognition, in 2009 internet bank users accounts for 19.4% of the Internet users, in 2010 this rate is 33.6%, increasing by 14.2%, a year of change shows that users in the bank on the internet have quite conversion rate. Enterprise internet bank users accounts for 10.1% of the 2009, in 2006 this rate is up to 30%. Along with the increase of the Internet users, the rapid development of e-commerce, “in the first quarter of 2010 China's third party electronic paid market monitoring report” shows that the total trade scope of China's third party electronic market turnover in the first quarter of 2007 has reached 14.326 billion yuan, of which, the Internet payment market scale accounting for 97% of the entire third party electronic payment market, reaching to 13.931 billion yuan(Nina, 2006).
In domestic banks, China merchants bank executives give high attention to the future development of bank on the internet, 中国国内银行中，招商银行的高管对银行在互联网上的未来发展给予高度重视。 In the middle development strategies of internet bank, they put forward clearly that in the strategic guidance of scale priority and bank recreation, they make sure the overall orientation that China merchants bank as a “technology leadership bank”, especially to make internet banking development become the main channel for customer service, to the highest level of domestic banking, China merchants bank has become China's internet banking market guide. In 2010, China merchants internet bank turnover is more than 14 billion yuan, trading number is over 3300, internet bank users are more than 10 million, including 2.5 million professional edition users. to use its internet banking system, with lower operation cost, that more than 50% of the private business and 15% of the enterprise business realize the non-counter operation in China merchants bank. One year completed business volume of internet personal bank is already close to the level of a regional big branch. The internet bank helps the China merchants’ bank to win the high value of the customers, and improve customer loyalty.
The industrial and commercial bank of China in 2000 put forward the goal of the internet bank development, 2000年中国工商银行提出了网上银行的发展目标，“strive in the two years to make internet bank in a business function, service varieties, open area, technical contents, etc. aspects to catch up with other domestic commercial Banks’ internet bank. “力争在两年内使工商银行的网上银行在业务功能、服务品种、开放面积、技术含量等方面赶上国内其他商业银行的网上银行In five years the internet banking of ICBC become the best internet bank with the most famous national maximum visibility, the most extensive business scope, the richest financial products, the most convenient use, the highest technical level, the largest domestic market rate, and the best benefit.” “在五年内，工商银行的网上银行将以最高的国内知名度、最广泛的业务范围、最丰富的金融产品、最便捷的服务、最高的技术水平、最大规模的国内市场利率、最好的效益成为最好的网上银行。“
According to Industry and commerce bank's latest statistics show that in the former 4 months of 2010 year, the inpidual internet bank users rapidly increase, the total amount of new inpidual internet bank clients is 4.55 million subscribers, the total accumulate to 27.8 million. Among them, the new password card customers is 3.5 million, and the new inpidual certificate customers is 684000. The internet bank turnover and trading number increase of 241% and 139% respectively, the internet personal remittance amounts to 164.3 billion yuan, internet fund amounts to 95.3 billion yuan, internet gold business amounts to 1.58 billion yuan; Banking-securities transfer and bank-securities link business transaction volume growth respectively increase to the 20 times and 2.6 times; Personal Internet bank financial products sales reach to 950 million yuan. Every day Icbc average internet banking businesses are forty million, business through electronic channel processing has reached 30%, the business volume of internet bank is equivalent to 6000 more sites’ deal with business volume(Nina, 2006). The number of customers is increasing rapidly, making industry and commerce bank in customers scale to further consolidate the leading trade advantage, and even lay a solid foundation for the development of internet bank business.