留学生国际贸易论文：商情时代的国际贸易分析Offers era in international trade

Offer is through legal channels to obtain competitive business intelligence , and then through professional data collation and processing, scientific analysis , be the guiding business decisions. According to SCIP ( Society of Competitive Intelligence Expert ) definition , offers a continuous process of monitoring the market environment , in this process people use in line with professional ethics approach. Gather information about market conditions , competitor information and facts on the basis of objective information collated and analyzed . Finally, workable and timely delivery of information to business decision makers for their decisions to provide accurate and reliable basis . The field of international trade , the Offer is to disperse information about the international trade transactions into contact with each other , accurate and can be used as basis for decision making process of analysis , so that decision-makers know your product or industry are concerned about international trading conditions . And information about the status of competition , performance , ability and motivation . With the development of science and technology , international trade has entered Offers contemporary trade era .
商品情况是指经过合法渠道取得竞争性的经济活动机密，而后经过专业的数值收拾和加工、科学的剖析，变成引导公司决策的根据。依据SCIP(竞争机密资深专家协会)的定义，商品情况是一种检查查看市场背景的连续不断过程，在此过程中间人们用符合生业伦理的形式。

First, the source of International Trade Offers
一、商情时代国际贸易的来源

One is driven by economic globalization . Economic globalization has made the international market competition is more intense. The most direct competition analysis goal is to better understand their own environment, the industry and competitors , and to facilitate decision-making and the development of an appropriate strategy to enable enterprises to gain competitive advantage over competitors. Competitive analysis results can be formed by the company's future action guide that can help decision makers make better competitive strategy , to understand the situation better than their competitors , and to identify current and future plans and strategies of competitors . If you have mastered competitive intelligence , a step faster than the competition , you have to grab the advantage of time , before taking action in competitors occupy the international market.
一个是由经济全世界化。经济全世界化使国际市场竞争更紧着张。最直接的竞争剖析的目标是为了更好地理解自个儿的背景，行业和竞争对手的事情状况，以便决策和合适的进展战略，使公司取得竞争优势超过竞争对手。

Two, the pressure of international competition . In the past . Countries or enterprises in order to gain a competitive advantage , to set a variety of barriers to block competitors. As communications technology has made significant progress , trade policy, entry barriers , obstacles such as trading rules have been gradually reduced or canceled . Elimination of these barriers in place , the rapid emergence of new competitors on . These competitors may be in a new way and the original companies compete , competition may not seem logical form , it is difficult to predict or no morality at all, but it is still legal. Enterprises can no longer expect that competitors will use outdated competitive strategy to compete with itself . Therefore, a thorough understanding of competitors and changes in the business environment is becoming increasingly important .

Three is a scarce resource changes. Currently, characterized by physical commodities visible trade gradually relegated to a secondary position , and knowledge products is characterized by an invisible trade has risen to dominance. Knowledge resources is characterized by gradually become internationally competitive scarce resources . Enterprises in order to maintain a competitive edge requires companies through a variety of data and information. From the complex and confusing state messier . Get more expertise in the same time , occupy more scarce resource.

Fourth, the need to maintain superiority . Innovation is a source of competitive advantage , but the main features of contemporary international competition is to imitate increased. Competitors through a variety of means to obtain new product information . Then imitate replication. Thus , companies on the one hand to resist competitors imitate their products, on the other hand trying to imitate a competitor's product . So, to keep abreast of competitors' movements, is the main method to maintain a competitive advantage .

Second, a comparison of different trade
二、不同贸易方式的比较

International trade from the initial barter transactions, evolved to the currency as a medium of exchange, and then evolved to the age of electronic commerce trade , to today's Offer era trade. These three major changes in trade patterns , the development of international trade into a new historical climax.

1, the traditional trade. In the traditional trade , buyers and sellers through newspapers , magazines, radio and television advertising, trade fairs and trade intermediaries and other ways , according to the conventional telephone, fax , face to face trade negotiations , see sample orders to trade. To explore the possibilities for trade . However, increasingly rich in commodities , growing market segmentation, information increasingly developed today, how to provide effective consumer goods and services , is a supplier , distributors, retailers face major problems . Therefore, the traditional barriers to trade in that: the asymmetry of information seriously hindered the development of trade . In international trade , if you lack the necessary intelligence and interest mechanism . It is difficult to suppress the enterprise have taken reasonable means of competition , do " one-shot deal ," and the resulting vicious price competition and market order disturbances mouth ] . British exports repeated foreign anti-dumping and other trade barriers that some foreign trade enterprises with the UK still using the traditional trade related . But mankind advances in technology, ushered in the age of electronic commerce international trade trade patterns change.

2, the era of e-commerce trade . E-commerce transactions has significant advantages: lower transaction costs , improve efficiency and expand trading range, and for businesses to bring visionary global business opportunities. E-commerce trade breakthrough time and space boundaries , it embodies the open, global , regional, low cost and high efficiency inherent characteristics , subject to the inherent requirements of the commercial economy , it is also beyond it as a new has the form of trade value . The most obvious sign is the increase in trade opportunities , reduce trading costs and improve business efficiency. Compared with the traditional trading patterns . Business to Business formula (B2B) online trading transaction in fact did not change the rules , the only change methods of trading . It appears groundbreaking leap. Can not make a sound through the Internet portal business functions . Establish a worldwide supply chain rich , and this supply chain is no longer subject to geographical constraints and other factors . When the era of e- commerce trade in the traditional way "information asymmetry" to improve and move a big step forward at the same time , there are still some of its own areas for improvement . For example, the credibility of e-commerce , e-commerce to protect the interests of consumers , website visibility , mobility, after-sales service , the company's trade secrets , etc., which are associated with e-commerce platform relating to the quality of the information provided , but also led e-commerce business can not meet all commodities trade. At present, the application of a simple e-commerce platform is no longer a competitive advantage of foreign trade enterprises , but has become a strategic necessity for survival , can not keep up the development of information technology companies have been left behind .
Third, Offers era trade. Information technology and network technology development of the market barriers gradually weakened , the international market more efficiently. Enterprises are facing more competition , survival and development is necessary to change in the future to respond rapidly , more than ever, requires strategic forward-looking and flexible. Competitive Intelligence can help decision makers understand the situation into the future , so that changes in corporate resources and the environment, especially the market, consumers or clients to match in order to reach decision-makers are expected to hope. In international trade , the enterprise will be an unprecedented impact and influence on the competitive intelligence needs were more urgent.

Increasing homogenization of the product today, enterprises are facing competition has not only products, competitive prices , and comprehensively improve the competitiveness of enterprises , especially to improve the competitiveness of intelligence , has become foreign trade enterprises need to face , we must face of the subject. As the " Future Speed" a book said : will your company and your competitors distinguishes the most meaningful way of making your company ahead of many companies is the best way is to use intelligence doing the best job . How do you collect , manage and use information will determine your win or lose .
The world's three major trade trends, will become an unstoppable trend. Only conform to this trend , the inpidual firm trade, international trade as a whole . Will win profit and progress.

Third , offers the era of international trade decision-making process
Offers international trade or international trade intelligence (Trade Intelligence abbreviated T-Intelligence) is a comprehensive information and insight , along with strategic management theory , decision theory and game theory to develop and produce, and in the theory of evolution on the basis of these become independent functions of an enterprise . Therefore, a correct understanding of Offers in international trade strategy position and impact on strategy is essential, in a rapidly changing era , the development of an accurate, flexible , flexible strategy for the survival and development of enterprises play a decisive role. Although the strategy and plan of action can tell companies began direction and goals , but was able to identify and inform the business intelligence coming storm , and to choose the best operating decision maker program , intelligence is accurate or not decisions often determines the success or failure . Offers era of international trade policy-making process is a systematic process , including the collection and analysis of information about competitors , competitors, business links and business trends , grasp the other competitors , identify changes in international markets , to develop more effective strategies decisions.

The face of fast-paced , fast-changing competitive world , step by step strategic planning will impede dynamic, innovative generation of executable decision will hamper the pace of corporate action taken by the market . The era of e-commerce trade, has failed to meet the requirements of progress of the times . Foreign trade enterprises policymakers must use the " new eyes " to see the world . Offer to make scientific decisions rely on , otherwise , it will happen , companies are also planning to develop their own strategies , their competitors are running a market strategy can win . Trade Offer has become a business decision makers need something special , just as Harvard University study showed that : Offer has become the technology, human resources, capital , the fourth largest competitive. Global International Trade from "E-commerce ( e-commerce ) era" enter "T-Intelligence ( Trade Offers ) era ."

Fourth, the case study

In fact , the use of very early Unsubscribe against competitors , but did not get the attention of people . Back in the flow of information is still relatively isolated 17th century , the United States has recognized the importance of enhancing trade intelligence , their customs through selective public data so orderly competitive market is conducive to the national interest. So the United States to open the world of its kind. Worldwide will be the first time in customs data publicly available. At that time , imports of goods to the shore , the usual practice is to publish in the newspaper to notify buyers message delivery . There is a newspaper called the JOC , and publish messages exporters doing business , they gradually discovered trade intelligence potential value for exporters . So they began to use their hands to these initial commercial information to help exporters to conduct business .

Japanese companies selling research and application is earlier , which is the rapid development of a global trading power is one important means . Japanese companies started from the sixties and seventies inroads into the U.S. market. Once so a lot of American companies in trouble . American companies such as Motorola, the company was in Japan, under the onslaught of competitors performance declining rapidly. It is successfully used Japanese companies this means competitive intelligence , maintained the leading position in many industries . In the global competition a success. In the 21st century, the rapid development of technology and the rapid growth of global trade implies changes in the business environment much faster pace than in the past . Business decision-makers have been impossible to rely on intuition and instinct to do business on the strategic decisions , improve competitive intelligence collection and analysis system becomes critical.

Indian companies are also using the Unsubscribe great success. Along with India's software and computer technology, its domestic exporters have a considerable number of enterprises can flexibly trade intelligence : Query to the United States , including any buyers anywhere a global supplier distribution . Procurement of products from the United Kingdom and the world a detailed description of the number of transactions , and even packaging information, transportation information, etc. ; global rivals export situation , buyers details and number of transactions, frequency inferior depth intelligence information. Through a series of business intelligence applications, enterprise could then analyze the purchasing behavior of international buyers , suppliers, distribution and stability , monitor competitors and buyers. Which on the one hand to avoid the loss of their buyers , explore new markets ; hand based on a large number of market data. Scientific business decisions.

Offer to win world heavyweight companies use examples are not uncommon , IBM followed Apple into the market, and ultimately change the IBM Business ; Microsoft Pocket PC within 36 hours of making promotional decisions and give PALM fatal blow . With the internet and computer technology, trade intelligence has been rapid development , the majority of U.S. companies are using business intelligence . According to statistics , the United States , " happiness" magazine 's Global 500 companies and the United States before the loo were 90% of the companies have their own special department responsible for gathering competitive intelligence . Intelligence penetration in each of the company branches. It is no exaggeration to say that today has become a national enterprise Offer utilize the most popular tool for international trade . Become a strategic key to success lies.

V. Suggestions

English Offers service started late . In recent years the British intelligence services began to appear a primary mode of trade , but because the application of the concept , technical differences , limited experience , coupled with the lack of professional organization to promote them , causing some British companies for such services and misleading. It can be said . Business Intelligence weak competitiveness of foreign trade also contributed to the international competitiveness of the UK an important reason for the poor . With the deepening of economic globalization , a large number of enterprises will necessarily participate in the " global market " in the competition. The accelerated pace of trade transparency will directly bring British Foreign enterprises are facing increasingly serious problem of information asymmetry .

First, we must strengthen the Government's International Trade Offers service support. Currently , the British foreign trade growth, but intelligence can not keep up as the biggest obstacle to trade development . The international market is constantly changing , the multilateral trade rules and national foreign trade policy to constantly adjust , import inspection and quarantine requirements and technical barriers to trade continue to increase , international trade and increased risk of increased operating costs of enterprises . Ability to quickly and easily access various countries and regions production, trade and other aspects of information, has become a national enterprise in the international competition invincible prerequisites. To solve enterprise business problems encountered in the lack of intelligence for enterprises to create a good trading environment , to provide timely intelligence services is an important supporting measures in developed countries generally establish a sound information system . British foreign trade business are small, poor access to information , risk-resisting ability is not strong, special needs and behavior of government organizations to provide information to help . Help master a variety of information resources. Provide timely and accurate intelligence international market competition , foreign trade enterprises in the process of solving the difficulties encountered , providing a basis for decision-making . Enable enterprises to more actively engage in foreign trade activities .

Second, we must encourage the development of information industry Offer . International trade intelligence needed more, there are four major areas: market intelligence ; competitor intelligence ; consumer demand intelligence ; intelligence allocation of scarce resources . "IT to create value" business philosophy to become the consensus of the international trade field . But rely on yourself to get the intelligence business is difficult to do . In the new trade environment, how to providing timely , accurate, complete , professional counterparts in international trade information , how will a world trade power to advance to the ranks of the world trading power , it will be a number of professional IT service providers are facing tough challenges . 2008 outbreak of the international financial crisis, the international market competition is more erratic , changing needs of the international market is more uncertain, national trade policy changes faster. Trade Offers Information convenient information query from either line , perfection , have brought historic change , providing more targeted and competitive trade intelligence .

Third, we must improve the foreign trade enterprises to gain competitive intelligence capabilities. Most British foreign trade enterprises still mainly rely on the market , customers and brokers collect information. This information can not meet the needs of international trade competition era . In international competition , companies need to last a scarce resource that is intelligence resources, and the management process will be able to have such a scarce resource companies ( intelligence ) into a competitive advantage . Good competition and the need for effective strategic intelligence analysis , successful business and competitive analysis requirements on the environment , industry and enterprises have a more in-depth understanding. And this comes from experience , detailed data and information , the correct selection and application of analytical techniques and competition-related structural model , know how to compete , as well as for the strategy adopted by its competitors in speed of response .
Fourth, we need to develop effective competitive strategy. In a mature market , business intelligence is a one of the foundations for success . To grasp the essence of business intelligence is to understand the trends in the international market , to enter the international market and participate in international competition prerequisites. The implementation of business intelligence lies in the participation of all the staff and competitive intelligence collection and analysis system establishment , but not that big bucks purchase of advanced computers, set up complex network systems . The introduction of technology is temporary, besides foreign enterprises can not put the most advanced production technology transfer to UK businesses . Only master data collection and analysis practical and effective methods and uninterrupted competitive analysis, to find that the market trend changes and competitor actions to develop an effective competitive strategy, and timely adjustment according to changes in the market strategy, the company decision-making more scientific.