1. Group Project准备阶段
为了确保group project有一个良好的开端,我们建议做好以下几点:
-每个成员应该做一个自我介绍,包括姓名和个人背景,并且说明在整个project中,每个人自己擅长的任务。
-提名或者投票决定让某人担任leader。如果觉得这样做会让某个成员负担太大,那么可以考虑所有成员轮流担任leader。
-互相交换联系方式,比如说是邮件,社交媒体的信息和手机号。
-创建一个大家可以一起在线工作的文档,方便大家讨论、共享文件和沟通想法。有很多免费的在线平台可以供大家使用,最常见的就是Google doc。
2. 讨论目标和分配任务
下一步就是讨论目标和分配任务,确保每个成员都对这项作业的学习目标有一个共同的理解,同时确保每个人清楚自己在小组中担当的角色。在这个阶段,有以下几个需要注意的地方。
3. 注意due time,提前安排
请注意作业的due time以及每个部分的due time,以便每个小组成员都可以提前安排好其他课程作业,避免due time之间有任何冲突。并且也需要预留一些时间来检查草稿并且在最后将所有内容整合在一起。
4. 讨论如何完成作业的要求
比如,如果这个作业是写一份Research Report,那么就需要讨论topic是什么。我们建议列出一个简单的outline,再把每个部分安排给不同成员,分配任务的时候尽量做到工作量是平均分配的。
如果你的教授对整个project没有具体的要求,给了你们很大的灵活性,那么我们建议大家集思广益,每个人可以提出一个想法,然后分别评估每个想法的优点。在集体讨论的时候,可以思考下面这些问题:你对这个话题了解多少?是不是每个成员都对这个话题有兴趣?因为如果有成员对这个话题不感兴趣的话,他们可能就会敷衍了事。另外也需要考虑到时间的问题。你们是否可以在有限的时间里面做好这个话题?有哪些有用的资源?这个主题的相关文献是否容易获得?
5. 确认小组工作方式
确认大家保持联系、定期会面以及共享文档的方式。比如如果创建了一个共享的文件夹,那么确保大家都把自己的文件上传到了这个文件夹当中,而不是通过邮件来发送文档。
在收到作业要求并且确立好小组成员之后,我们建议大家尽快完成这些初步准备工作。这些准备工作越早完成,每个小组成员就能越早开始安排给他们的工作。
6. Group Project的实施阶段
虽然说每个成员都各自执行他们各自的任务,但是在整个项目的过程中,需要确保整个团队都有一个共同的目标。有效的沟通非常重要,尤其是有一些project会进行一整个学期之久。
经常保持联系,定期报告进度。当小组第一次meeting的时候,可以规定一周中特定某一天或者某个时间大家进行meeting,以便每个成员报告他们的工作进展。可以面对面沟通或者在网上沟通。
如果有成员在完成任务的时候遇到困难,我们建议大家帮他找出解决问题的方法。其他成员应该表示支持和提供帮助,而不是直接帮他完成他的工作。同时,确保每个成员都在尽自己的一份力量,大家共同完成这个project。
7. Group Project的收尾阶段:时间安排
在Due time之前,请务必留出足够的时间将每个成员完成的部分整合在一起,并确保没有遗漏任何内容。这个过程通常需要有一些讨论,并共同克服障碍。虽然说从技术方面来讲,这个过程可以直接在线完成,但是我们建议大家直接沟通,以确保每个人都积极参与这个过程。
如果你的小组必须对研究结果做一个presentation,那么需要重复上述的所有步骤,决定谁将做什么,并给每个人足够地时间提前准备和练习。在这个阶段,最重要的是细节,并且把所有的内容整合起来,把整个Project作为一个整体来考察,而不是查看一个个单独的任务。
8. Overview of steps of the collaborative process协作过程步骤概述
Here we outline the steps of the collaborative process. You can use these questions to focus your thinking at each stage.
-Pre-writing process预写过程
- Share ideas and brainstorm together.
- Formulate a draft thesis or argument.
- Think about your assignment and the final product. What should it look like? What is its purpose? Who is the intended audience?
-Planning and logistics规划与逻辑
- Decide together who will write which parts of the paper/project.
- What will the final product look like?
- Arrange meetings: How often will the group or subsets of the group meet? When and where will the group meet? If the group doesn’t meet in person, how will information be shared?
- Scheduling: What is the deadline for the final product? What are the deadlines for drafts?
-Research/data collection研究/数据收集
- How will the group find appropriate sources (books, journal articles, newspaper articles, visual media, trustworthy websites, interviews)? If the group will be creating data by conducting research, how will that process work?
- Who will read and process the information found? This task again may be done by all members or pided up amongst members so that each person becomes the expert in one area and then teaches the rest of the group.
- Think critically about the sources and their contributions to your topic. Which evidence should you include or exclude? Do you need more sources?
- Analyze the data. How will you interpret your findings? What is the best way to present any relevant information to your readers-should you include pictures, graphs, tables, and charts, or just written text?
-Drafting/writing 打草稿/开始写
1)Separately (each group member has his/her own portion of writing to do)
- Note that brainstorming the main points of your paper as a group is helpful, even if separate parts of the writing are assigned to inpiduals. You’ll want to be sure that everyone agrees on the central ideas.
- Where does your inpidual writing fit into the whole document?
- Writing together may not be feasible for longer assignments or papers with coauthors at different universities, and it can be time-consuming. However, writing together does ensure that the finished document has one cohesive voice.
- Talk about how the writing session should go BEFORE you get started. What goals do you have? How will you approach the writing task at hand?
- Many people find it helpful to get all of the ideas down on paper in a rough form before discussing exact phrasing.
- Remember that everyone has a different writing style! The most important thing is that your sentences be clear to readers.
-Revising, editing, and proofreading修改,编辑和校对
- If your group has drafted parts of the document separately, merge your ideas together into a single document first, then focus on meshing the styles. The first concern is to create a coherent product with a logical flow of ideas. Then the stylistic differences of the inpidual portions must be smoothed over.
- Revise the ideas and structure of the paper before worrying about smaller, sentence-level errors (like problems with punctuation, grammar, or word choice). Is the argument clear? Is the evidence presented in a logical order? Do the transitions connect the ideas effectively?
- Proofreading: Check for typos, spelling errors, punctuation problems, formatting issues, and grammatical mistakes. Reading the paper aloud is a very helpful strategy at this point. http://www.sblunwen.com/