本文是一篇语言学论文，作者建议以后的学者可以根据中国的国情和国际形势来进行旅游翻译，并为旅游业做出贡献，此外，还有56个具有不同习俗、历史和文化的民族，中英旅游翻译不仅可以吸引外国游客了解中国，还可以帮助中国向世界展示自己。
1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
China's international influence and comprehensive strength are increasing withthe booming global economy,trade,scientific and technological collaboration,cultural exchanges,and sports competitions are flourishing.At the same time,thetourism industry is developing rapidly,especially transnational tourism,and more andmore foreigners want to visit China and experience the unique artistic charm ofChinese culture.The significance of C-E translation for tourism has also risen.To acertain extent,tourist translation reflects the internationalization level of the attraction,the city,and even the soft environment of China,and the ability to translate touristtexts that are acceptable and recognized by foreign tourists also reflects thecomprehensive strength of China.A smooth and authentic translation of tourism textsnot only facilitates foreign visitors to China,but also shows the sincerity and strengthof China's opening up to the outside world.
语言学论文怎么写
The translation of tourist publicity carriers represents the first impression foreigntourists have of China.Therefore,the translator should not only focus on the accuracyof the language,ensuring the use of correct grammar,words,etc.,but also languagefriendliness,fully reflecting the respect for foreign friends,translating differentversions of the translation according to different scenarios,and shouldering the twoburdens of translation work and national righteousness,which is also a big challengefor the translator.
Most of the guiding theories of tourist translation from the past werefunctionalist theories,but the author thought that the functionalist theory system wastoo large and complicated,so that the author chose the text typology based on textclassification as a guide among the functionalist theories.It is hoped that textclassification and text function can be used to distinguish how to translate tourist textsin different contexts and with different requirements.
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1.2 Research Significance
The development of tourism promotes the development of many industries,andat the same time,the prosperity of many industries also reflects on tourism,so the twomutually benefit from each other.With the continuous development of tourism,interactions and exchanges between different cultures have become more frequent;and with the continuous development of the economy and society,tourist translationhas become increasingly important to people.However,the current literature on C-Etranslation for tourism is still relatively small,with a fluctuating growth trend,andoccupies a relatively small proportion of the field of translation research.Therefore,itis necessary to give full play to the guiding role of tourism C-E translation in practicalapplications to maximize the publicity of tourism.With the continuous improvementof people's living standards and the growing maturity of tourism consumptionconcepts,travelers are no longer satisfied with mass tourism products and traditionalchannels of publicity.They are more eager to learn about tourist destinations frommore channels and more eager to pursue personalized and experiential travelexperiences.Travel is by nature an experiential activity,so travelers pay moreattention to the details they perceive during the tour,such as the translation ofbrochures,attractions,promotional videos,and even travel websites,and whether theyare fluent and authentic will directly affect whether their trip is pleasant and smooth.
Experiential tourism focuses on personalization and differentiation,emphasizingthe participation process,so that tourists have more autonomy and space for self-playin tourism.Therefore,the text typology requires translators to flexibly use translationskills in translation to create an experience atmosphere for different tourists'inpidual characteristics and make them enjoy themselves.
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2 Literature Review
2.1 Katharina Reiss and Text Typology
The source of Text Typology should be the functionalist approaches totranslation produced in Germany in the late 1970s.At first,linguists such as Eugene.Nida,pursued translation equivalence,and then gradually disintegrated.With thecontinuous development of economy in the 1970s,non-literary text translationbecame more and more important,so the German functional school came into being.It gets rid of the constraint that the equivalence theory requires a one-to-onecorrespondence between the translation and the source text.It clearly states thatlinguistics alone cannot solve the problem.Translators should pay more attention tothe relationship between translation and readers,the social effects and communicativefunctions of translation,adopt translation strategies according to the differentfunctions of different texts,and give full play to the subjectivity of translators.Duringthat period,many scholars have put forward their own text typology andcorresponding translation methods from the perspective of function.
But in essence,they are all based on Karl Bühler's theory of instrumentallanguage function.Bühler's pides language functions into information functions,expressive functions,and operational functions.Bühler's theory of language functionplays a cornerstone role in the field of linguistics and has had a great impact on laterscholars.Many later linguists'theories have traces of Bühler's theory.But theirtheories have both similarities and differences.For example,the greatest contributionof R.Jakobson,the founder of the Prague School,is to pide translation into threecategories:1.Intralingual translation,such as translating Northeastern dialect intoMandarin.2.Interlingual translation,such as translating German into English.3.Intersemiotic translation,such as the deaf-mute sign language,computer code,interpreting symbols,and musical symbols,etc.,expressed in language.R.Jakobsonsums up the discourse function into representational,expressive and conative,phatic,poetic,metalingual function.
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2.2 Peter Newmark’s Text Classification
Newmark was a British academic,born in 1916 in the Czech Republic,but lefthis hometown at the age of five,moved to Britain,and received a systematiceducation in the UK.He studied at Rugby State School before studying languages atCambridge University.He was proficient in French and German,achieved excellentresults in English literature projects,and provided a solid foundation for becoming arenowned translator.He took extremely serious attitude on translation,and argued thatliterature could be pided into two categories:a serious moral assessment of humanbehavior,and a paddy-pleasing pleasure and sensuality.Inspired by the category oforiginal literature,he has always attached great importance to literature.This situationis very similar to translation,so his attitude towards translation is also the same.
nfluenced by Vygotsky,he did not want to overemphasize the social value oflanguage as a tool for thinking and self-expression.He attached great importance tothe communicative function of language and advocated the idea of"communicativetranslation".This kind of translation requires loyalty to readers and makes it easier forthe reader to accept the original author's ideas when readers read the translation.Thisrequires that readers should be as fluent and comfortable as possible when translating.Under the influence of Chomsky,he formed the idea of"semantic translation".Thiskind of translation requires fidelity to the author,complete and accurate expression ofthe author's original intention at the time of writing.This requires that the source textshould be expressed as accurately as possible during translation.Newmark pidedtranslation into"communicative translation"and"semantic translation",whichbecame the core of Newmark's view of translation.Two theories are epoch-makingachievements,and have created a significant impact on the field of translation.Hebelieves that can be achieved accuracy and economy,which are the two major goalsof translation.As a supporter of text typology.Newmark disagreed with Nida's readerresponse theory and equivalence principle in translation theory.He said that differenttypes of texts should be different translation methods,as is similar to Reiss's theory.For this purpose,he proposed eight methods of translation:word-for-word translation,literal translation,faithful translation,semantic translation,adaptation,free translation,idiomatic translation and communicative translation that translate from the sourcelanguage to the target language.Various translation methods complement each other.And usually,the source text is not a single type of text,so the translator is required toanalyze specific problems,and use a variety of translation methods to translatedifferent parts.
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3 Overview of Tourist Publicity Carriers.................................17
3.1 Definition and Classification of Tourist Publicity Carriers...............17
3.2 Analysis from Language Dimension............................21
4 Application of Text Typology to Tourist Publicity Carriers.............................25
4.1 Principles of Tourist Translation.....................................25
4.2 Existing Problems in the Translation.............................27
5 Conclusion..............................................41
5.1 Major Findings....................................41
5.2 Suggestions for Further Studies...............................43
4 Application of Text Typology to Tourist Publicity Carriers
4.1 Principles of Tourist Translation
Tourist translation guidelines can be finely pided into translation principles thatcan be operationalized,can refer to the planning forms of integrated marketingcommunication programs,and strictly adhere to the guidelines for applied translation.The translation should take into account the linguistic environment,macro and microcultures,the cultural characteristics of the specially designated target group,thepsychological dynamics,the intended purpose of the planning,etc.In accordance withthe standardized quality management,personnel management and proceduralmanagement,so that the translator can precisely determine the target and produce atranslation that meets the market environment,is loved by the audience and satisfiesthe client.According to the principles of tourist translation proposed by many scholars,the author has summarized the following points.
The principle of fidelity.According to German functionalism theory,translatorsshould not only focus on the source text and its function,but also on the function ofthe translated text in the translated language and cultural environment.Applied totourist translation,this means that the tourist location should be translated in a waythat attracts the reader,so that it can serve as a promotion.The translator can have acertain degree of embellishment in the process of translation,but the premise mustfaithfully convey the substantive information of the source text,such as the name ofthe attraction,transportation,accommodation,tour route and other information.
语言学论文参考
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5 Conclusion
5.1 Major Findings
Compared with literary translations,there are few applied text translations,andthe corresponding translation theories and strategies are not as well developed as themainstream translation theories.With the development of the times,especially therapid rise of China's social economy,the progress of reform and opening up,theimplementation of the Belt and Road Initiative,the interaction of global social media,and the recent rampage of the Covid-19 while China's nearly perfect response hasinvariably promoted China's efficiency and sense of security in the international arena,allowing more opportunities for communication between China and the people of theworld,and also making more foreign tourists want to come to China and get a glimpseof China.This has led to the gradual emergence of the position of applied texttranslation in international communication.The language of applied texts has itsunique characteristics,such as accurate,specific,concise,popular,and vivid,and itstranslation must also reflect these characteristics.The authors have selected arepresentative text,the tourist text,for specific analysis.At present,the theoreticalresearch on applied translation in China is far from meeting the needs of society,which also limits the development of applied text translation,and at present,weurgently need some comprehensive and effective theories for guidance.Applicationtranslation is a kind of translation which mainly transmits information and at the sametime pays attention to the effect of information transmission,it is practical and has awide range of application,and its genre range can be rich in various fields such aspolitics,economy,culture,society,etc.,and most of them have realistic purpose,which is especially obvious in tourist texts.However,the huge differences in culturalbackground,ideology and language between China and the west cause greatdifficulties in applied text translation.
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