批评隐喻分析视角下《中国政府工作报告（2017）》中的隐喻翻译之语言学研究

本文是一篇英语语言学论文，笔者希望本论文对政府工作报告中隐喻的分析以及对其隐喻翻译技巧的总结能够给英语学习者和教学者，以及政治语篇的翻译者提供一定的帮助。

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study
With the improvement of the comprehensive national strength, the international community pays more attention to China’s development. The annual Chinese Government Work Report (CGWR) which covers all aspects of China, including politics, economy, culture and people’ s livelihood, has drawn people’s attention both at home and abroad. The CGWR has become an important channel for the world to know more about China. Hence, the translation of the CGWR is of particular importance.
It’s widely known that the contents of CGWR are closely related to our daily life. However, many expressions in CGWR are related to political concepts, policies, instances, events and situations which are too complex and abstract for general readers who are lack of professional political knowledge. In order to convey the administrative concept of the party effectively and make the people understand the national policies legibly, the Premier always uses a great amount of metaphors to express abstract political concepts. According to Lakoff and Johnson (1980, p.3), “metaphor is pervasive in everyday life, not just in language but in thought and action. Our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature”.
Therefore, during the process of translation, metaphor translation is common and difficult for translators because metaphor translation involves the identification and understanding of the metaphors and the transfer of metaphorical images and meanings from the source language to the target language.
..........................

1.2 Objectives of the Study
The study intends to figure out the C-E translation techniques of metaphors in CGWR under the guidance of critical metaphor analysis. In other words, this study aims to achieve the following three purposes:
1) Identify metaphors exiting in Chinese Government Work Report (2017) and work out what types of metaphors exist in CGWR (2017).
2) Reveal the purposes of the metaphors used in CGWR (2017).
3) Summarize the basic translation techniques through analyzing the two versions of GGWR (2017) which are both selected from official website.
.......................

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Relevant Researches on Metaphor
2.1.1 Related Metaphor Studies Abroad
Metaphor was firstly studied by Aristotle (1984) systematically. He summarized metaphor as a rhetorical device in Poetics and Rhetoric. In terms of metaphor, he proposed the concept of “Comparison Theory”, which held that metaphor was a linguistic mean in which one word substituted another word to express the same meaning (Aristotle, 1984, p.1457). The rhetoric of metaphor has a direct and far-reaching impact on the later research.
After Aristotle, a famous Roman scholar, Quintilianus put forward a “Substitution Theory” in the 1st century A.D., and he supported Aristotle’s “Comparison Theory”. Namely, One word was replaced by another word between two words that belonged to the same concept domain. Both of them all treated metaphors as rhetorical tools at the linguistic level and ignored the cognitive levels.
Richards (1936, p.93) proposed “Interaction Theory” in The Philosophy of Rhetoric. He stressed that when using metaphors, the cogitation of two distinct concepts sustained by the same words or phrases were put in the same place, and the dynamic interplay between the two distinct concepts generated the metaphor meaning. Therefore, a word which was the tenor in the metaphor could be understood by another word which was the vehicle in the metaphor.
........................

2.2 Relevant Researches on Metaphor Translation
2.2.1 Metaphor Translation Studies Abroad
Traditionally, metaphor as a common phenomenon of modification is an unconventional linguistic application. Therefore, metaphor translation has been studied from a rhetorical perspective, and metaphor translation has been regarded as a linguistic transition. In this situation, scholars try to find out several valid translation skills and guide how to translate metaphors.
According to Goatly (1997, p.116), Newmark’s research focuses on linguistic systems. Peter Newmark (1988, p.342) studied translation of metaphor and pided metaphor into six different types, “rigid metaphor, stereotyped metaphor, ordinary metaphor, present metaphor, adaptation metaphor, and original metaphor”. Newmark (2001, p.117) meticulously studied metaphor translation based on the above six metaphorical types, and proposed six metaphorical translation methods, “reproducing the same image; replacing the SL image with a standard TL image; translation by simile plus sense;
conversion to sense; deletion; translation by the same metaphor combined with sense” .
Comparison theory and substitution theory appeal to Newmark, and he still looked metaphor as a device to decorate when dealing with the issue of metaphor translation. However, Gideon Toury argued that Newmark’s metaphorical translation approach was not based on realistic narrative perspectives but on the basis of idealistic equivalence. Toury (2001, p.51) proposed six translation methods that fully reflected the pragmatic features of metaphors.
..........................
CHAPTER III THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................ 17
3.1 Introduction to Critical Metaphor Analysis ...................... 17
3.1.1 Contextual Analysis............. 18
3.1.2 Metaphor Identification ................ 19
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................... 26
4.1 Data Collection ...................... 26
4.2 Research Questions ....................... 26
CHAPTER V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................... 29
5.1 Quantitative Analysis ......................... 29
5.1.1 Concrete Metaphorical Expression in CGWR (2017) ............. 29
5.1.2 Types of Metaphors in CGWR (2017) ................ 30

CHAPTER V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Quantitative Analysis
5.1.1 Concrete Metaphorical Expression in CGWR (2017)
Through making use of the computer concordance software Ant Conc and MIPVU, the author identifies a total of 704 metaphors in the corpus. The author also demonstrates the concrete metaphorical expressions in SL and corresponding translation in TL via the Table 1.

.......................

CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION

6.1 Major Findings
Research findings of this thesis are as follows:
Firstly, under the guidance of critical metaphor analysis, totally nine types of metaphors in Chinese Government Work Report (2017) are identified and analyzed. They are building metaphors, journey metaphors, war metaphors, orientation metaphors, human-being metaphors, machine metaphors, plant metaphors, circle metaphors and family metaphors.
Secondly, the metaphors used in Chinese Government Work Report (2017) have seven purposes. They are the general rhetorical purpose, heuristic purpose, predictive purpose, empathetic purpose, aesthetic purpose, ideological purpose and mythic purpose.
Thirdly, three practical translation skills are proposed, including reproducing the same SL image in the TL, conversion of SL metaphor to sense and deletion. The translation skills can provide practical guidance for future researchers and help them solve the problems encountered in metaphor translation.
reference(omitted)