Internet Bank 网上银行
Accounting and Finance财务会计学
The internet bank develops to today, has already a certain theoretical foundation. 网络银行发展到现在，已经具有了一定的理论基础。There are many domestic and foreign scholars to do a lot of systematical researches on the internet bank, the contents of these researches provide rich materials for this dissertation.许多国内外的学者已经对网上银行做了很多系统的研究，这些研究内容为本文提供了丰富的材料。
Overview of the internet bank网上银行概述
The internet bank is also called as electronic banking.网上银行也被称作电子银行。It means that banks use the Internet technology, through the network platform to provide customers to open an account, cancel the account, inquiry, check up account, transfer, credit, internet securities, investment finance, or other services (Philip, Barton, 2003). 这意味着银行利用互联网技术，通过网络平台，为客户提供开户、消户、查询、检查帐户、转帐、信、，网上证券、投资融资，或其他服务。The internet bank is also known as “3A bank” (Joel and William, 2001), because it is not constrained by time and space, because it can provide financial services at any time, in anywhere, in any way (Anyhow), so that customers can be able to manage their own bank account, credit cards, or to pay the water, electricity, gas, communication, and other various kinds of fees and personal finance and investment, etc safely and conveniently, while they never need to leave home. It can be said that the internet bank is a virtual bank counter open on the internet platform, and can also provide services for many customers.
There two kinds of modes of internet bank development, one is the invisible internet bank which is completely dependent on Internet, and it is also called “virtual bank” (Niels and Mols, 2000); The so-called virtual bank means there is no actual physical counter as the support of the bank, this internet bank does not have branches, neither business site, using the international Internet and other high-tech service means to establish close relationship with customers, to provide a full range of financial services. In the United States, take the first safety internet bank for example, it was established in October 1995, and it is the first established internet bank in the United States without business branches, and it is the virtual bank. Its business hall is website picture. At that time there were only 19 staff, the main job of them was to maintenance and manage the network. The other kind is in the existing traditional bank basis, using the Internet to develop traditional banking transaction service. That means the traditional bank uses the Internet as a new service means to provide customers internet services (Kent, Katri, and Daniel, 2005). It is in fact the extension of the traditional bank services to the Internet, this is at present the main form of internet bank, and most of commercial Banks take this model. In China at present there is not a independent internet bank, the domestic internet bank mentioned here now belongs to the second basic mode.
Origin of internet bank网上银行起源
In October 1995, the first global internet bank was “Security First Network Bank” (stands for SFNB), the headquarters was in Atlanta. 1995年10月，全球第一家网络银行“安全第一网络银行（SFNB）成立，其总部设在亚特兰大。It was born in the United States, the bank has no buildings, no address, only web site, business hall is computer screen, all transactions are through the Internet. There were only 10 employees. After opening one year, by the end of 1996 the deposit scale has amounted to $14 million. At the same time with set up of SFNB, Citigroup set up its internet bank business on the Internet as the first multinational Banks (Philip, Barton, James, 2006). By June 2007, almost all the American commercial Banks have opened the Internet banking service.
However, the development of internet financial in general is in not equilibrium state, North America (the United States, Canada) and European internet bank have the most rapid development, the number of the internet bank accounts for more than 90% of the market in the world, followed by the Asia Pacific regions, such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong, Taiwan, the development of Africa is most slow (Carlos, Eduardo, Miguel, 2004).
Conditions of internet bank网上银行现状
(1) The progress of science and technology promote the rise of the internet bank科学和技术的进步推动网上银行的兴起
The computer network technology will lead the human civilization to a new era, and change the bank management model, even change people's lives. The rapid development of the computer network technology leads to the Internet explosive growth in the world, and leads to the economy entering into the network economy (Chanaka and Paul, 2000). Almost all the international famous companies are already setting up their own business service systems in the Internet, and small and medium-sized companies also are unwilling to lag behind, so they seek business opportunities in the Internet for development, as a means to reduce cost and enhance competitiveness, shorten the gap with big companies, so as to promote the rapid development of e-commerce.
(2) the development of the electronic commerce needs internet banks support电子商务的发展需要网上银行的支持
Strong vitality for electronic commerce brings new opportunities to all the countries’ political, economic and cultural factors in the world, especially for the banking industry. It has far-reaching influence (Minjoon and Shaohan, 2001). For a complete e-commerce is composed by three links, business communication, the funds payment and commodity distribution, which decide the buyers and sellers in the electronic commerce, also need Banks, distribution centers and other institutions to join. Among them, the internet electronic funds to pay provided by the bank play the connecting link between the preceding and the following, directly related to complete the transaction.
(3) under the impact of network economy, banks need to reform and develop在网络经济的影响下，银行需要进行改革发展
In the background of modern communication network technology rapid development and electronic commerce increasingly mature, banks must master a lot service skills and internal process management based on the Internet to reduce the cost of operation, then they can maintain strong market competitiveness and obtain a new source of revenue(Ali, 2001). The internet bank is a new service manner for banks using modern information technology, reforming service means, and improving the competitiveness.
Categories of internet bank网上银行分类
Generally speaking, internet banking services mainly include the following four categories. 一般来说，网上银行服务主要包括以下四类
First, the trade category
This includes Internet transfer, small private mortgages, personal foreign exchange trading, enterprise foreign exchange trading, pay & collecting for another business, pay water, electricity, gas, telephone fees etc (Zi and Michael, 2002).
Second, Inquires category
This includes personal comprehensive account inquiry, trading history inquiry, the comprehensive enterprise account inquiry, trading history inquiry, enterprise credit extension loan limit inquiry, enterprise letter of credit inquiry, customer loans’ account information query, interest rates query etc(Zi and Michael, 2002).
Third, expansion of business
This includes securities, fund trading, internet shopping, internet personal finance, enterprise bank services, etc.
Fourth, information service
This includes bank basic information release, banking business varieties’ introduction, as well as the deposit branches, and the distributions of the automatic teller machines, etc.
Difference between internet bank and traditional bank网上银行和传统银行的不同
Comparing with the internet bank and the traditional bank, there are some differences.
First, business intelligence and virtualization. 首先，商业智能和虚拟化。As for the traditional “tile-type” bank, its branches are physical network, mainly by means of physical capital, through many bank employees’ hard work to provide services for customers (Zi and Michael, 2002). And the internet bank does not have buildings, no address, only web site, its branches are terminals and the electronic space brought by Internet virtualization, mainly by means of intelligence capital, the customers do not need the help of bank staff, they can finish account inquiry, fund transfer, cash and bank business in a short time, which means they can access to get high quality, rapid, accurate and convenient services of internet banking self-help (Ying, 2003).
Second, personalized service. 第二、个性化的服务。Traditional bank usually unilaterally develops business varieties to the customers, promote their products and services to customers, clients can only choose their needed bank services within the prescribed business scope, while the Internet provide interactive communication channels for bank services, customers can access the internet bank website and put forward their concrete service requirements (Sui, 2005). The internet bank implements one-to-one financial solutions on the network with customers, making the financial institutions to realize the characteristics and pertinent service in the interaction with customers, through the active service it can win the customers.
Third, the financial business innovation. 第三，金融业务创新。 The traditional bank business innovation mainly focus on capital business, reform and combine financial products in view of commercial bank assets and liabilities business to meet customers’ demand, and new requirements of banks (Wang, 2006). 传统的银行业务创新主要集中在商业银行的资产和负债业务方面的资本的经营、改革和金融产品结合上，以满足客户的需求以及和银行发展的新要求。
While the internet bank focuses on using its low cost advantage and the rich Internet information resources to innovate and improve enterprise credit evaluation, the company's personal financial advisors, experts investment analysis and other business to improve the added value of information, and to strengthen the bank information intermediary function.